What is an amendment?

An amendment refers to a formal change or addition to the Constitution. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land in the United States, and its durability is enhanced by the ability to adapt and evolve through amendments. This process allows for the incorporation of new ideas and changes that reflect the values and needs of society over time.

The Constitution has been amended multiple times since its ratification in 1788, allowing for pivotal changes such as the abolition of slavery, women's suffrage, and the establishment of voting rights. Each of these amendments required a rigorous process involving both Congress and the states, illustrating how amendments serve as critical tools for constitutional governance and societal progress.

The other options pertain to different aspects of U.S. law and governance. A law passed by Congress refers specifically to legislation enacted by the legislative branch, not changes to the Constitution itself. A judicial decision by the Supreme Court pertains to interpretations of law rather than direct alterations of the Constitution. Lastly, an agreement between states, often referred to as a compact, involves negotiations and mutual agreements between state governments, which is also distinct from the amendment process of the Constitution.